About Kazi Computer

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Avgv‡`i RvZxq BwZnv‡m mvwei Avn‡g‡`i Av‡iKwU eo cwiPq n‡jv wZwb fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi GKRb Mwe©Z ‰mwbK| evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm HwZ‡n¨iI Ask| e„wUkwe‡ivax Av‡›`vjb, fvlv Av‡›`vjb I ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvgmn G †`‡ki cÖwZwU MYZvwš¿K Av‡›`vj‡b wZwb mwµq f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| fvlv msMÖvgx mvwei Avn‡g` 1331 e½v‡ãi 31 Avlvp (1924 mv‡ji 15 RyjvB) HwZn¨evnx biwms`x †Rjvi Aš—M©Z g‡bvni`x (eZ©gv‡b †ejve) _vbvi nuvwomv½vb MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|

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ivóªfvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi G†Kev‡i ïi“ †_‡KB mvwei Avn‡g` †PŠayix GB Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ mswk­ó nb| 1947 mv‡ji 1 †m‡Þ¤^i 19 AvwRgcy‡i XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ZrKvjxb wk¶K Aa¨vcK Aveyj Kv‡m‡gi †bZ…‡Z¡ MwVZ nq fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi m~PbvKvix msMVb ZgÏyb gRwjm| mvwei Avn‡g` ZgÏyb gRwj‡mi ms¯ú‡k© G‡m fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b kwiK nb| G cÖm‡½ wZwb e‡jb ÒAvwg cÖvq wbqwgZ AvwRgcyi¯’ ZgÏyb gRwj‡m Avmv hvIqv KiZvg, d‡j Zv‡`i mv‡_I Avgvi GKUv m¤úK© M‡o I‡VÓ| 1947 mv‡ji 12 wW‡m¤^i cyiv‡bv XvKvi wKQymsL¨K D`©yfvlx cjvwk e¨viv‡K Avµgb Pvjvq| Zviv AvnmvbDj­vn BwÄwbqvwis K‡j‡Ri wk¶v_x© I Kg©Pvwi‡`i j¶¨ K‡i BU cvU‡Kj Qy‡o| G‡Z A‡b‡KB AvnZ nq| GUvB wQj fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnv‡m cÖ_g nvgjvi NUbv| BwÄwbqvwis ¯‹y‡j I K‡j‡Ri QvÎiv msMwVZ n‡q G NUbvi cÖwZev` I cÖwZ‡iva Kivi d‡j mš¿vmxiv cvwj‡q hvq| D³ cÖwZev` I cÖwZ‡iva Kg©m~wP‡Z mwµq wQ‡jb ZrKvjxb BwÄwbqvwis K‡j‡Ri QvÎ mvwei Avn‡g`|
1948 mv‡j mvwei Avn‡g` AvnmvbDj­vn BwÄwbqvwis K‡j‡Ri †kl e‡l©i QvÎ| †m erm‡ii 19 gvP© †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn XvKv Av‡mb Ges 21 gvP© ZLbKvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b D`©y‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi c‡¶ e³e¨ iv‡Lb| BwÄwbqvwis ¯‹yj I K‡j‡Ri Qv·bZv byi“j û`vmn †mw`b wZwb D³ mfvq Dcw¯’Z †_‡K wRbœvni e³‡e¨i Zxeª cÖwZev` K‡ib| D³ NUbvi cÖwZev‡` BwÄwbqvwis K‡j‡R AbywôZ mfv I mgv‡e‡k wZwb I Zuvi mv_xiv AskMÖnY K‡ib|
G me Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©mw~P‡Z Ges wRbœvni e³e¨ ïb‡Z mvwei Avn‡g` †PŠayixi mv‡_ Av‡iv hviv AskMÖnY K‡ib Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Avbmvi DÏxb, †jvKgvb (†bvqvLvjx) gwdRyi ingvb (Kzwgj­v) †gvkvid, BmgvBj, gnwmb f~uBqv (biwms`x) gv‡jK, Ievq`yj (m›`xc) cÖgyL D‡j­L‡hvM¨| 21 gvP© mvwei Avng` mv‡f©hš¿ Òw_DWjvBUÓ wb‡q wRbœvni e³e¨ ïb‡Z †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b nvwRi n‡qwQ‡jb wKš‘ e³e¨ ï‡b nZvk n‡q wZwb mfv¯’j cwiZ¨vM K‡ib|
1948 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K mvwei Avn‡g` miKvwi PvKzix‡Z †hvM`vb Kiv m‡Z¡I fvlv Av‡›`vjb Kgx©‡`i mv‡_ wbqwgZ †hvMv‡hvM i¶v Ki‡Zb Ges wewfbœ Kg©m~wP‡Z mivmwi AskMÖnY Ki‡Zb| 1950 mv‡j wZwb miKvwi PvKzix wb‡q wm‡j‡Ui mybvgM‡Ä P‡j Av‡mb| †mLv‡b Kwe cÖ‡Rk Kzgvi iv‡qi m¤úv`bvq Ômv‡`KÕ bv‡g GKwU cwÎKv cÖKvwkZ nZ| GB cwÎKv‡K †K›`ª K‡i mvwei Avn‡g‡`i miKvwi evmvq cÖvqB mvwnZ¨mfv AbywôZ nZ Ges evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi e¨vcv‡i Av‡jvPbv nZ| G mKj mfvq `vk©wbK fvlv‰mwbK †`Iqvb †gvnv¤§` AvRid, fvlv‰mwbK Aa¨vcK kv†n` Avjx, gKeyj †nv‡mb †PŠayix, Kwe cÖ‡Rk Kzgvi ivq Ges kªxei“Y ivqmn A‡b‡KB Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Zb| †m mgq mybvgMÄ kn‡i gywReyi ingvb bvgK GK e¨w³ cvwK¯—vb jvB‡eªwi bv‡g GKwU eB‡qi †`vKvb cÖwZôv K‡ib| Qv·bZviv cªvqB GLv‡b wfo Rgv‡Zv| GB jvB‡eªwi‡K †K›`ª K‡i fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi e¨vcKZv e„w× cvq| mvwei Avn‡g` fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi mg_©‡b ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib Ges mfv mgv‡e‡k evsjvfvlvi c‡¶ cÖKv‡k¨ e³e¨ iv‡Lb| ZvQvov 1950 mv‡ji 25 wW‡m¤^i wRbœvni Rb¥w`‡b mybvgM‡Äi ZrKvjxb Gm.wW.I KvRx gwKgDwχbi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ GK miKvwi mfv AbywôZ nq| D³ mfvq Ab¨vb¨ e³‡e¨i m‡½ evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi hyw³KZv Zz‡j a‡ib| G Kvi‡b mvwei Avn‡g`‡K bvbv nqivwbi wkKvi n‡Z nq| GK mgq wZwb miKvwi wW.we. Kg©KZ©vi bRi`vix‡Z c‡i hvb Ges Zv‡K ivóªwe‡ivax Kg©Kv‡Ûi mv‡_ RwoZ _vKvi Kvi‡b Revew`nx K‡i| cÖavb wW.we Kg©KZ©vi †Q‡jmn Qv·bZviv fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b hy³ _vKvq Ges ZrKvjxb Gm.wW.I-mv‡n‡ei G Av‡›`vj‡b bxie mg_©‡b wZwb wewfbœ Awf‡hvM †_‡K mn‡RB Ae¨vnwZ jvf K‡ib| D†j­L¨ giwg Kwe nvmb ivRvi cyyÎ ‡`Iqvb GKwjgyi ivRv,ZrKvjxb gš¿x A¶q Kzgvi `vm, †cŠi †Pqvig¨vb gwdR †PŠayix Ges Mb¨gvb¨ Av‡iv A‡b‡K wQ‡jb mvwe‡ii cÖwZ †mœnkxj|
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(Gg. Avi. gvneye)
fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi Z_¨ msMÖvnK, BwZnvm M‡elK I †jLK
wbev©nx cwiPvjK: fvlv Av‡›`vjb M‡elYv †K›`ª
evwo- 5, moK- 10, avbgwÛ AvevwmK GjvKv, XvKv-1205 †dvb: 01712 819260
E-mail–mrmahbub@yahoo.com

Z_¨m~Î :
1. giwg Kwe mvwei Avn‡g` †PŠayix- W. L›`Kvi wiqvRyj nK- Hkx cÖKvkbx, XvKv, RyjvB-1993|
2. gvwmK mZ¨cÖevn, 6ô e©l, 12 Zg msLv, AvM÷, 2005 |
3. wewPZ fvebv-mvwei Avn†g` †PŠayix, myigv,XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv 1 AvM÷, 2008|
4. †jL‡Ki mv‡_ GKvš— mv¶vrKv‡i mvwei Avnvg` †PŠayix, 15 RyjvB, 2009|








gigx Kwe
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mviv `ywbqvi mKj gvbyl
‡KD bq †gvi ci|ÕÕ

DׄZ AskUzKz GKRb weL¨vZ gigx I gvbeZvev`x Kwe mvwei Avng` †PŠayix iwPZ GKwU Mv‡bi Ask| Kwei Rb¥ biwms`x †Rjvi †ejve Dc‡Rjvi nuvwomv½vb MÖv‡g 1924 m‡bi 15 RyjvB| mvwei Avng` †PŠayix Kwe I MxwZKvi wn‡m‡e RvZxq I Avš—R©vwZK ch©v‡q GZB cwiwPZ ‡h Zvui cwiPq w`‡Z hvIqvUv wb®cÖ‡qvRb| e¶gvb cÖe‡Ü Kwe m¤ú‡K© we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv m¤¢e bq| ZvQvov Kwe m¤ú‡K© †`‡k Ges we‡`‡k ¯^bvgL¨vZ e¨w³MY GZ †ewk Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb †h, Avgvi gZ GKRb bMb¨ e¨w³i c‡¶ Zvu‡K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv KivUv †kvfbxq bq| Zey we‡kl Ae¯’vi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Kwe‡K wb‡q GKUz Av‡jvPbv Kivi †Póv KiwQ|
mvwei Avng` †PŠayix GKRb cÖexY Kwe I MxwZKvi| Zvui Rxebx Ges mvwnZ¨ mvabvi BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv †h, wZwb AvR †_‡K cÖvq wZb `kK Av‡M mvwnZ¨ mvabv ïi“ K‡ib| Zvui cÖ_g Kve¨ ÔAvgvi g‡bi dzj`vbx‡ZÕ cÖKvwkZ nq 6 wW‡m¤^i, 1984 †Z| Gici †_‡K wZwb G‡Ki ci GK Kve¨ MÖš’ cÖKvk K‡i P‡j‡Qb| Zvui eûMvb we‡`wk eû fvlvq Abyw`Z I MxZ n‡q‡Q| Zvui †ek wKQy KweZvi Bs‡iwR msKjb cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| wZwb Zvui mvwnZ¨ mvabvi ¯^xK…wZ ¯^iƒc RvZxq I Avš—©RvwZK ch©v‡q AmsL¨ cyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ n‡q‡Qb| Zvui eû Mvb †iwWI Ges wUwf‡Z cÖPvwiZ n‡q RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i‡Q| eû K¨v‡mU ‡ewi‡q‡Q Zvui Mv‡bi †`kx I we‡`kx cÖL¨vZ wkíx‡`i K‡Ú MxZ n‡q| Zvui KweZv I Mv‡bi Rb¨ mvwnZ¨ gn‡j wZwb GKRb AwZ cwiwPZ I RbwcÖq e¨w³Z¡|
mvwei Avng` †PŠayixi Dci Awfm›`f© iPbv K‡i Wt †Lv›`Kvi wiqvRyj nK 2001 wLª÷v‡ã iex›`ª fviZx wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K wW-wjU wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| g~jZt Gi ci †_‡KB mvwei Avng` †PŠayixi L¨vwZ Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q c‡o| GK wn‡m‡e wZwb GKRb cig fvM¨evb e¨w³ GB R‡b¨ †h, Zvui c~e©m~ix †Kvb gigx Kwe Ggb wecyj m¤§vb I ¯^xK…wZ Zvu‡`i RxweZve¯’vq cvbwb|
‡m hvB †nvK, Avgvi eZ©gvb Av‡jvPbvi g~j welq n‡”Q mvwei Avng` †PŠayixi KweZvi `yGKwU we‡kl w`K Zz‡j aiv| Avwg Wt †Lv›`Kvi wiqvRyj nK iwPZ Ôgigx mvwei Avng` †PŠayix ˆPZb¨-jvjb-iex›`ª giwg HwZn¨ msµgYÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wUi UvB‡U‡ji w`‡K mywcÖq cvV‡Ki `„wó AvKl©Y KiwQ| GB wk‡ivbvgwUi w`‡K ZvKv‡j †`Lv hvq mvwei Avng` †PŠayixi iPbvq ‰PZb¨-jvjb-iex›`ª Qvov Avi Kv‡iv cÖfve ev msµgY j¶¨ Kiv hvqbv| evn¨Z ZvB g‡b nq| wKš‘ mvwei Avng` †PŠayix iwPZ KweZv I Mvb ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i G K_v wbwØ©avq ejv hvq †h, GB wZb R‡bi evB‡iI eû Kwei gigx †PZbv Zvu‡K cÖfvweZ K‡iwQj| GKRb giwg Kwe n‡qI wZwb ïay kªx ˆPZb¨ bq Zvui c~e©eZx PÛx`vm iwPZ KweZv Øviv I cÖfvweZ n‡q‡Qb| ms‡¶‡c wb‡P Zvi wKQy bgybv †ck KiwQ|
mevi Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨
gvby‡li Mvb Mvwn|- (mvwei)
Zzjbv-
ïbn gvbyl fvB
mevi Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨ Zvnvi Dc‡i bvB| -PÛx`vm
Kwei GKKvjxb eÜz I Kwe cÖ‡Rk Kzgvi iv‡qi cÖfve wKfv‡e Kwei †jLvi Dci Qvqv †d‡j‡Q wb‡Pi D`vniY †_‡K j¶¨ KiYxq|
GK †h wQj cÖ‡Rk Kzgvi ivq
KZ wK †h ej‡Zv †jv‡K Zvq
†KDev ej‡Zv †jvKUv cvMj
†bB †Kv‡bv Zvi g‡bi AvMj
Av‡evj Zv‡evj hLb ZLb
wj‡L KwiZvg|
(cÖ‡Rk Kzgvi ivq)

Zzjbv-
GK †h wQj mvwei Zv‡i
fve‡Zv †jv‡K eyw×gvb
Avm‡j‡Z †m wQj GK
‡evKvi nÏ †Mvgiv cÖvY -(mvwei)
ïay jvjb bq eû Rvbv ARvbv gigx Kwei cÖZ¨¶ cÖfve j¶¨ Kiv hvq mvwei Avng` †PŠayixi Mv‡b|
†hgb-
†bkvq †bkvq iBwj c‡o
fvewj bv nvq †Kgb K‡i
†ejv †k‡l hv‡e mvwei
fe b`xi Aci cv‡i| -(mvwei)
Zzjbv-
†ejv †Mj mܨv nj Gevi nwe fe b`x cvi| -(gigx Mvb)
Q‡›`i hv`yKi e‡j L¨vZ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i Ab¨Zg Kwe m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `‡Ëi Ôgvbyl RvwZÕ KweZvi cÖfve j¶¨ Kiv hvq Kwei GKvwaK Mvb I KweZvq|
†hgb-
mKj gvbyl mevi ey‡K
jvj KwYKvi i³ eq
mv`v Kv‡jv eY© †f‡`
GKUz †Kv_vI wfbœ bq| -(mvwei)
Zzjbxq-
Kv‡jv Avi a‡jv evwn‡i †Kej
wfZ‡i mevi mgvb ivOv| -(m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë)
m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `‡Ëi Ôgvbyl RvwZÕ KweZvi cÖZ¨¶ cÖfve Kwei Av‡iv A‡bK KweZv I Mv‡b j¶¨ Kiv hvq|
†hgb-
‡`k Kv‡ji we‡f` fy‡j
bvI mevB‡K ey‡K Zz‡j
m~h© †hgb mKj Lv‡b
mgvb fv‡e wejvq Av‡jv| -(mvwei)

Zzjbxq-
GK c„w_exi ¯—‡b¨ jvwjZ
GKB iwe kkx †gv‡`i mv_x| -(m‡Z¨›`ªbv_)

Gevi j¶¨ Ki“b Ab¨ GKwU Mv‡bi K_v-
gvby‡li g‡b `ytL †`qv †h
me †P‡q eo cvc |-(mvwei )
Zzjbv-
Kv‡iv g‡b Zzwg w`Ibv AvNvZ
‡m AvNvZ jv‡M Kvevi N‡i| -(AvwRRyi ingvb)
wKsev-
AvRe GK †gvUi Mvwo
evbvqv‡Q mvuB-
Aó cÖni Mo Mov Mo
ZviB AvIqvR ïb‡Z cvB|
Dci Zjvq †gBb myBP
†`vZjvq ‡mB KviLvbv
bx‡Pi Zjvq †Z‡ji †UswK
g‡a¨ muvB‡qi Av¯—vbv | -(mvwei)
Zzjbxq-
AvUKyVix bq `iRv †Kvb Lv‡b bvB Zvjv
Ni Lvbv nq wZb Zvjv|
Dci Zjvq ‡KvU KvPvwi-
gv‡Si Zjvq iq †ecvwi-
wb‡Pi Zjvq Kg©Pvwi
a¨vb K‡i †cÖ‡gi gvjv BZ¨vw`- (gigx Mvb)
Ab¨Î-
Avj­v bv‡gi wRwKi Zzwg
K‡iv me©`vB
Av‡Liv‡Z †m DwQjvq-
bvRvZ cv‡e fvB | -(mvwei)
Zzjbv-
Avwg Avj­v bv‡gi exR ey‡bwQ-
Gevi g‡bi gv‡V
gywV gywV †ePe dmj
‡Kqvg‡Zi nv‡U |- (gigx Mvb)
wb‡Pi gigx MvbwUi m‡½ Kwei wb‡b¥v³ MvbwUi fve MZ h‡_ó wgj Luy‡R cvIqv hvq|

nv‡oi LvuPvq nvIqvi cvwL
weivR K‡i me©¶Y
‡mB cvwLUvi †f` Rv‡b †Kvb Rb| -(gigx Mvb)
Zzjbv-
KvuPv evu‡ki Mo‡jv LvPv
Qvo‡jv Zv‡Z GKwU cvwL
GKzk nvRvi QqkZ evi
‡mB cvwLwU DV‡jv WvwK-| -(mvwei)

Av‡iKwU Mv‡b cyi‡bv gigx Mv‡bi cÖZ¨¶ cÖfve j¶¨ Kivi gZ|
‡Zvgvi bv‡g AKzj Mv‡O
fvmvBjvg Zix
`qvj-†Zvgvi bvg fimv
bvB †h cv‡oi Kwo | -(mvwei)

cÖvPxb gigx Mvb-
cvi Ki `x‡bi eÜz fe wmÜz
cvi Ki Avgv‡i
`qvj cvi Ki Avgv‡i |
Avwg jv‡fi Avkvq me nvivBqv
eBmv iBjvg cv‡o||
Gevi evsjv fvlvi weL¨vZ Kwe I AmsL¨ Bmjvgx Mv‡bi iPwqZv KvRx bRi“j Bmjv‡gi cÖZ¨¶ cÖfve Kwei iPbvq KZUyKz msµwgZ n‡q‡Q †m wel‡q wKQy Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv hvK |
gnvb Avj­vni `iev‡i Ze
Avgvi †gvbvRvZ
mviv we‡k¦i me gvby‡li
NyPvI `yt‡Li ivZ |
mvwe‡ii GB MvbwUi m‡½ Zzjbv P‡j bRi“‡ji wb‡Pi MvbwUiÑ
GB Mix‡ei †kvb †gvbvRvZ |
‡Lv`v, GB Mix‡ei †kvb †gvbvRvZ |
Z…òv †c‡j w`I VvÛv cvwb
¶zav †c‡j jeY fvZ |

Ab¨Î-
†Zvgvi `qvq GB b`x Rj
meyR gv‡Vi †mvbvjx dmj
‡Zvgvwi m„wó P›`ª, m~h©
MÖn Zviv ,Avmgvb-|- (mvwei)
Zzjbxq-
GB my›`i dzj my›`i dj
wgVv b`xi cvwb
‡Lv`v - †Zvgvi †g‡nievbx|-(bRi“j)
mvwe‡ii GB MvbwU †Z bRi“‡ji Mv‡bi cÖfve KZUv cÖZ¨¶ fv‡e c‡o‡Q cvVK j¶¨ Ki“b-
‡Zvgvi †cÖ‡g cvMj Avwg
n‡q †MwQ dvbv
ni `‡g ZvB ü`q cvMj
ej‡Q iveŸvbv|-(mvwei)
‡Lv`vi †cÖ‡gi mive wc‡q
‡eûuk n‡q iB c‡o nvq-| -(bRi“j)
Avevi †`Lyb-
gvby‡li jvwM mKj ag©
a‡g©i jvwM gvbyl bq fvB
gvbyl‡K ZvB fvj‡e‡m g‡b
cig kvwš— cvB| -(mvwei)

bRi“‡ji fvlvq-
ag©vÜiv ky‡bv-
gvbyl G‡b‡Q ag©,
ag© Av‡bwb gvbyl †Kv‡bv|
Ggwb fv‡e Av‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e mvwei Avng` †PŠayixi Kv‡e¨ ïay ‰PZb¨-jvjb-iex›`ª fveavivi msµgY N‡Uwb, Kwei KweZv I Mv‡b evsjv fvlvq iwPZ eû cÖexY I bexb, GK K_vq ejv hvq Ph©vc` †_‡K AvaywbK KweZv ch©š— A‡b‡KiB fveavivi msµgY N‡U‡Q| GgbwK cviwm Kwe gvIt i“wgi cÖZ¨¶ cÖfve j¶¨ Kiv hvq Kwei GKvwaK Mv‡b|
†hgb-
niKvev‡q GKw`b †e‡nZ i¯—
Kvev eybMv‡n Lwjj AvRi¯—| -(gvIt i“wg)
A_©- gvby‡li Aš—tKiY Kvevi †P‡q DËg, KviY Kvev ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb AvR‡ii mš—vb nhiZ Beªvwng (Avt) Avi gvby‡li Aš—i ¯^qs Avj­vni †eovevi RvqMv|
Zzjbxq-
g‡bi KvevB Avmj †m Kvev
Avj­vn †h Aš—‡i ......| (mvwei)
Kwei GKwU Mv‡bi m‡½ AvaywbK Mv‡bi GKwU Kwji ûeû wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq| hw` I `ywU Mv‡bi fvev_© m¤ú~Y© wfbœ cÖK…wZi|
c‡_ c‡_ Ny‡i Avwg
c_ †cjvg bv Lyu‡R| -(mvwei|)
Zzjbv-
c‡_i gv‡S c_ nviv‡j †m wK cvIqv hvq|- (AvaywbK Mvb)
Gevi gigx Kwei GKwU AvaywbK Mv‡bi m‡½ cvVK‡`i cwiPq Kwi‡q w`w”Q| hw`I MvbwU cy‡ivcywi AvaywbK n‡q D‡Vwb Zey AvaywbKZvi A‡bK j¶Y G‡Z cywi®‹zU, we‡kl K‡i Gi cÖ_g PiYwU‡Z|
e„wó †b‡g‡Q AvR, A‡Svi avivq
kxZj cik jv‡M, ev`j nvIqvq||
kvLv bx‡o wfRv cvwL, †Pbv my‡i I‡V WvwK-
mv_x AvR K‡Zv `~‡i, i‡q‡Q †Kv_vq||
UzcUzc evwi S‡i, gb †h D`vm K‡i
GB iv‡Z †mB ¯§„wZ †e`bv RvMvq|
GZ¶Y Kwe mvwei Avng` †PŠayixi Kve¨ fvebvi Dci evsjv fvlvi wewfbœ Kwe‡`i fveMZ cÖfve wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avkv Kwi we`» cvVK Avgvi m‡½ GKgZ n‡eb †h evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i Avw` wb`k©b Ph©vMxwZ †_‡K ïi“ K‡i PÛx`vm, kªx ˆPZb¨, ivgK…ò, jvjb, iex›`ªbv_, bRi“j mn evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i L¨vZ-AL¨vZ AwaKvsk Kwei Kve¨ fvebvi e¨vcK cÖfve c‡o‡Q mvwei Avng` †PŠayixi Mv‡b I KweZvq| Avgvi g‡b nq ïay evsjv mvwnZ¨ bq, we‡k¦i Ab¨ fvlvi weL¨vZ Kwe‡`i cÖfve Zvui mvwn‡Z¨ Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡e| Gw`K we‡ePbv Ki‡j Avgiv Kwe‡K GKRb Avš—R©vwZK, gvbeZvev`x Kwe wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Ki‡Z cvwi|
cÖe‡Üi K‡jei e„w× nIqvi AvksKvq Avgvi Av‡jvPbv †kl Ki‡Z hvw”Q| †h‡nZz Avwg Kwei Kv‡e¨i GKwU we‡kl w`‡Ki Dci Avgvi Av‡jvPbv mxgve× †i‡LwQ, ZvB Kwei gigx I mvg¨ev`x BZ¨vw` w`K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| Z‡e Av‡jvPbv †kl Kievi Av‡M cÖL¨vZ Kwe I cÖeÜKvi †gvnv¤§` gvndzR Dj­vni GKwU DׄwZ GLv‡b Zz‡j ai‡Z PvB| G‡Z Kwei Kve¨¸‡Yi cÖwZ wKwÂr Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Ôgigx Kwe mvwei Avng` †PŠayix iwPZ m½x‡Z ˆPZb¨ jvjb-iex›`ª gigx HwZ‡n¨i msµgY NU‡jI, Avgvi we‡ePbvq bRi“j HwZ‡n¨i msµgYB Zvui iPbvq †ewk| †Kbbv, wZwb ïay Zvui iwPZ m½x‡Z evDj-m½x‡Zi aviv‡KB AbymiY K‡ibwb, nvg` bvZ, gywk©`x, gvidwZ Ges Bmjvwg HwZn¨ g~jK A‡bK MvbI wj‡L‡Qb, iPbv K‡i‡Qb MRj| ïay Ava¨vwZ¥K I cvi‡jŠwKK fvebv-wPš—v bq, ‡`k, gvwU, gvby‡li wPš—v Ges RMr-msmv‡ii wPš—v-†PZbvI mvwei Avng` †PŠayixi m½x‡Z wea„Z n‡q‡Q| Gw`K †_‡K evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i Ab¨Zg †kªô MxwZKvi Ges wewPÎ wel‡q I wewPÎ my‡i me©vwaK msL¨K Mv‡bi iPwqZv bRi“‡ji m‡½B Zvui mvRyh¨ †ewk|1
Ôgigx Kwe mvwei Avng` †PŠayix fveaviv I wPš—v-†PZbvi w`K †_‡K Ges GKRb gvbeZvev`x wn‡m‡e Zvu‡`i DËi mvaK n‡jI, Zvui iwPZ Mvb evYxi Hk¦‡h© †Zgb mg„× bq, AwaKvsk MvbB e³e¨ cÖavb Ges wkíiƒ‡ci gwngvI Zv‡Z †Zgb e¨wÄZ bq| Zvui Kve¨ MxwZ AwaKvsk †¶‡ÎB Dcgv wPÎKí Ges iƒcK cÖZxK BZ¨vw`i e¨envi iwnZ Ges Kwe MxwZKv‡ii e³e¨ cÖZ¨¶fv‡e, mivmwi Ges A‡bKUv M`¨vZ¥K f½x I fvlvq D”PvwiZ|2
Kwe mvwei Avng` †PŠayixi Mvb iPbvi GKwU ¯^vfvweK cÖeYZv Ges mnR cÖKvk kw³ ev cÖKvk ¶gZv Av‡Q, we‡klZ gigx I Ava¨vwZ¥K m½xZ iPbvq wZwb A‡bKUv Aejxjvgq| ZeyI Av‡eM Abyf~wZ, wPš—v-†PZbv Ges Rxeb `k©b I Ava¨vwZ¥K †eva cÖKv‡k wZwb evYxi Hk¦h© Z_v wkí iƒc wbg©v‡Yi w`‡K AwaKZi `„wó w`‡j Avgv‡`i Kve¨ MxwZ AviI mg„× n‡e|3
Av‡jvPbv †kl Kievi Av‡M cÖe‡Üi ïi“‡Z †h MvbwUi DׄwZ w`‡qwQjvg Zvi evwK Ask wb‡P Zz‡j w`w”Q-
Kwibv wePvi RvwZ a‡g©i
†Kv‡bv †f`v‡f` fvlv e‡Y©i|
mevB gvbyl GB cwiPq
ü`‡q wbiš—i||

gvbe mgv‡R Avwg †h GK
Ask gvbeZvi,
Avgv‡Z i‡q‡Q mK‡ji Z‡i
`qvgvqv mªóvi|
AvZ©-wbt¯^ e¨w_‡Zi e¨_v
RvMvq gi‡g m`v e¨vKzjZv
Ac‡ii my‡L myL cvB Avwg
`yt‡L Kvu‡` Aš—i||
Avgvi g‡b nq weÁ cvVK GB GKwU Mvb w`‡qB gigx I gvbeZvev`x Kwe mvwei Avng` †PŠayixi cwiPq jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Z‡e †KŠZznwj cvVK‡K wb‡Pi eBwU msMÖn K‡i covi Rb¨ civgk© w`w”Q| eBwUi bvg n‡”Q Ômvwei gvbm mÜvbÕ m¤úv`K W. Avkivd wmwÏKx| GB eBwU‡Z mvwei Avng` †PŠayix I Zvui iwPZ Kve¨ mn wewfbœ wel‡q evsjv‡`k I cwðge‡½i A‡bK cÖw_Z hkv †jL‡Ki Ávb Mf© Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| eBwU c‡o Kwe m¤ú‡K© cvV‡Ki †KŠZznj I Ávb wccvmvi wKwÂZ wbe„wË NU‡e e‡j Avgvi wek¦vm|

†jLK t mnKvix wk¶K, Avw`qvev` Bmjvwgqv nvB ¯‹zj| cÖvewÜK I Kwe \

UxKvt 1- mvwei gvbm mÜvb- m¤úv`K W. Avkivd wmwÏKx, cÖ_g cÖKvk- 2004, c„ôv- 491, UxKvt 2- cÖv¸³ c„ôv- 497, UxKvt 3- cÖv¸³ c„ôv- 497-498|



wek¦ gvbeZvi Kwe
mvwei Avn‡g` ‡PŠayix t
†kL g. Av. Lvwj`



m~Pbvt-mvwei Avn‡g` †PŠayix g~jZt GKRb m„Rbkxj Kwe I MxwZKvi| bv›`wbKZvi Ave‡n Zuvi m„wó g‡nvËi I Kv‡jvËxY© | cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li Pjv‡div fvewewbgq I Av‡eM Abyf~wZ, wPš—v‡PZbv cÖKv‡k Zvi ¯^iyc D™¢vwmZ nq| GB ¯^i~c‡K †KD Avovj K‡i ivL‡Z cv‡ibv| cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³iB fvebv wPš—v cÖevngvb Rjavivi gZ engvb _v‡K| D‡j­L¨ mvwei Avng` †PŠayixi I cÖKvk N‡U‡Q Zuvi mv_©K m„wó AmsL¨ KweZv I Mv‡b| wek¦ gvbweK †PZbvq DØy× GB gnvb Kwe AmsL¨ giwg KweZv I m½xZ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| eû gvwÎK Rxebev` Ges Ava¨vwZ¥K Abyf‡ei M~pZË¡‡K wZwb AZ¨š— mvdj¨ RbK fv‡e cÖKvk Ki‡Z mg_© n‡q‡Qb KweZv I Mv‡b|
Avgv‡`i mgv‡R Ggb A‡bK †jLK Kwe mvwnwZ¨K Av‡Qb hviv K_vi `y‡f©`¨ web¨v‡m Ggb me †jLv m„wó K‡ib hv‡`i evK¨ web¨vm AcÖPwjZ I cwiZ¨³ Q›`vbykxj‡bi AvwfRvZ¨ cÖKvk gvÎ| G m‡ei fvlvq KPKPvwb _vK‡jI ¯^KxqZv _v‡K Abycw¯’Z| A‡bK †jLK Zuvi cÖK…Z ¯^Kxq ˆewkó eRvq ivLvi †PóvZ K‡iB bv eis Zvi mwVK bvgwU ch©š— QÙbv‡gi Avov‡j nvwi‡q AvZ¥AnwgKv K‡ib| bvg I †jevm hviv nvwi‡q †dj‡Z cv‡i Zv‡`i m„wóI †h AwZ Aí mgqB nvwi‡q hv‡e Zv‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n †bB| wKš‘ mvwei Avng` ‡PŠayix Zv‡`i †_‡K Avjv`v| hy‡M hy‡M c„w_ex‡Z Ggb e¨w³‡Z¡i Avwe©fve nq hviv Zv‡`i Kg© mvabvi e‡j ejxqvb n‡q KxwZ©gvb i~‡c BwZnv‡mi cvZvq †eu‡P _v‡K wPiKvj| GUv m¤¢e nq Zv‡`i a¨vb Ávb I AvZœwek¦v‡mi Kvi‡YB| Zv‡`iB GKRb n‡”Qb mvwei Avng` †PŠayix| KviY Zuvi wPš—v †PZbvq Av‡Q mªóvi Aw¯—‡Z¡i ¯^v¶i| cvi †jŠwKK Rxeb m¤ú©‡K aviYv| m„wóZË¡ Ges Bn‡jvK I ciKvj m¤ú©‡K bvbv cÖkœ I wRÁvmv| wZwb GKRb D”P wkw¶Z cÖ‡KŠkjx n‡q Ges weˇemv‡Zi gv‡S †_‡KI gigx fvevcbœ mgvR `i`x, eY© ˆelg¨nxb, wek¦åvZ…Ë I ‡ZŠwn‡` wek¦vmx| RMZ I Rxe‡bi Pig mZ¨‡K D`NvUb Kivi DcjwäB mvwei Gi KweZv I Mv‡bi g~j DcRxe¨| Avj­vn im~‡ji wb‡`©wkZ c‡_ gvbyl‡K †kªô gvby‡l cwiYZ Kivi cÖwZwbqZ cÖqvmB mvwei‡K Ab¨vb¨ †_‡K c„_K K‡i‡Q| Ges GLv‡bB Zuvi g~j K…wZZ¡| Zvui †jLvq a‡g©i K_v G‡m‡Q e‡j mxwgZ MwÛ‡Z Zvui gb AveØ _‡Kwb| Zuvi †jLv msKxY© ¯^v‡_©i RvwZ‡f` A¯ú„k¨ `yó¶‡Zi evavi cÖvPxi AwZµg K‡i gy³eyw×I cÖMwZkxj gvbwmKZv jvjb K‡i Mfxi m‡Z¨i †R¨vwZ©gq ˆbe©¨w³K wPš—vq Av”Qbœ K‡i| gy³eyw×i PP©v Ki‡Z wM‡q A‡bK D”P wkw¶Z †jLK Kwe mvwnwZ¨K a‡g©i MwÛ‡K wQbœ K‡i cÖMwZkxj mv‡R| Z_vKw_Z gbMov cÖMwZkxjiv ‡Kej gvÎ Bmjvg a‡g©i mxgvbv‡K AwZµg Kiv‡K K…wZZ¡ g‡b K‡i| a¨vb aviYvq I wPš—v †PZbvq †jLvq Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©i AvPvi Abyôv‡bi mwbœ‡ek NUv‡Z Kvc©Y¨ K‡i bv eis wbR‡K D`viZvevw` `vex K‡i| GK`j †jvK eywׇK gyw³ †`qvi `vex wb‡q gv‡V †b‡g‡Qb| AwZ D”P wkw¶Z G me e¨w³ ag© wb‡i‡c¶Zvev‡`i K_v e‡j wb‡Riv bvw¯——K mv‡R Ges eyw×gyw³ Av‡›`vj‡bi †k­vMvb Zz‡j| weL¨vZ wPÎ cwiPvjK mZ¨wRr iv‡qi wbgx©Z wniK ivRvi †`‡k wm‡bgvq gMR ‡avjvB h‡š¿i K_v ejv Av‡Q| G h‡š¿i gva¨‡g gvby‡li gMR †avjvB K‡i †h gš¿ Zv‡K †`qv nq †m gš¿B †m AvIiv‡Z _v‡K| GwU GKwU iƒcK gMR †avjvB hš¿ ‡Zgwb gy³eyw× Av‡›`vj‡bi Z_vKw_Z cÖMwZev`xiv mgv‡R, iv‡óª AbieZ gMR †avjvB Gi Kv‡R e¨vc„Z †_‡K wPš—vkxj mgv‡R we‡kl fvOb Avb‡Q Ges Zv‡`i g‡Z Bmjvg ag© bvbvb wewa wb‡l‡ai †eovRvj ˆZix K‡i gvby‡li eywׇK mxwgZ ¯’v‡b AvU‡K w`‡”Q| A_P G mg¯— gy³eyw× Av‡›`vj‡bi aviKiv gy³eyw× bv‡g Bmjv‡gi wewa wb‡la‡K Agvb¨ K‡i bxwZ ˆbwZKZv wemR©b w`‡q AbvPv‡ii c„w_ex Kv‡qg Ki‡Z Pvq| evsjvi wPivqZ agx©q I †jvK HwZn¨‡K webvk mvab K‡i Bmjvg we‡Ølx we‡kl gn‡ji g‡bviÄb Ki‡Z Pvq, Ggb me †jLK †_‡K mvwei Avng` Gi wPš—v †PZbv wfbœZi| eis wZwb Ggb me †jL‡Ki wPš—vi we‡ivax|
mvwei Avng‡`i †jLvq G‡m‡Q wek¦ †cÖg I wek¦ åvZ…Z¡‡eva| a‡g©i Aš—wb©wnZ kvwš—, gvbweKZv I mKj gvby‡li Kj¨vY wPš—v Ges we‡k¦i RvwZ †f` I mxgvbvi cv_©K¨‡K gy‡Q †d‡j mKj‡K Avcb K‡i †bqvi my`yi cÖmvix `k©b| a‡g©i cv_©‡K¨i mxgv AwZµg Kivi gvbwmKZv| ag©‡K AwZµg Kivi gvbwmKZv b‡n| mKj a‡g©i gvbyl‡K wZwb GK K‡i †`‡L‡Qb D`vi `„wó fw½i Kvi‡Y| mvwe‡ii wPš—vq Av‡Q mywd-evDj-ˆeò‡ei †PZbv| gigx ü`q mvwei gvbyl Avi gvbeZvi Av`‡k© wek¦vmx| Kwe Zuvi D`vi gy³eyw× I cÖMwZkxj gvbwmKZvi Kvi‡Y cÖkswmZ n‡q‡Qb| Ava¨vZ¥ †PZbv I bv›`wbKZvi wg‡k‡j Zvui D”PviY n‡q D‡V KweZv| Zviu KweZvi fvlv mnR mij| wPÎ Kí ev Dcgvi Avkªq wZwb †bbwb| wZwb KweZvi kixi wbgv©‡Yi †P‡q KweZvi AvZ¥vi cÖwZ ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb †ewk| fvlvi Kvi“Kv‡h©i †P‡q wbcyb fv‡ei Kvi“Kv‡h© GK mdj Kwe wZwb| Zvui KweZvq ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q †cÖg I gvbeZvi evYx| Ges mviv we‡k¦i Zver AvZ¥vi gg©‡e`bvi Dcjwä|
Zvui KweZvq cÖwZdwjZ Ava¨vZ¥ wPš—v, mªóvi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ ¶Y¯’vqx `ywbqv †_‡K wPi we`v‡qi wPivqZ weav‡bi wPiš—b m‡Z¨i Dcjwä SsK…Z n‡q‡Q| Ges GB mg¯— wb¸p inm¨gq Dcjwä Zv‡K †R¨vwZ©gq `vk©wb‡Ki D”Pvm‡b AwawôZ K‡i‡Q|
wbwØav©q ejv hvq mvwei Avn‡g` mv_©K Kwe| gigx Kwe, MxwZ Kwe I MxwZKvi| wZwb †cÖg I gvbeZvi Kwe| wek¦ kvwš—i Kwe| `vk©wbK fvebvi Kwe| wZwb gvby‡li Kwe| D”P gbbkxjZvi Kwe| wek¦ åvZ…Z¡‡ev‡ai Kwe| gvbe †mevi Kwe| Ava¨vwZ¥K fveavivi Kwe| Ges m‡e©vcwi wZwb GKRb Bmjvgx fve avivi mdj Kwe|

`v¤úZ¨ Rxe‡bi NvZ cÖwZNv‡Z Kwei Rxeb t
1948 mv‡ji cÖ_g w`‡K mvwei Avng` wbR MÖvg nuvwomv½vb wbevmx my‡e` Avjx Avd«v‡`i Kb¨v kvgmyb bvnvi †K we‡q K‡ib, whwb Kwei eo fvB gwdR DwÏb Avng‡`i k¨vwjKv| wKš‘ GK erm‡ii g‡a¨B weevn we‡”Q` N‡U| GRb¨ Kwe AbyZß n‡q wbR‡KB GKK `vqx K‡ib| Zvici XvKv †Rjvi AvMjv c~e© cvov wbevmx miKvix Kg©KZ©v Avt AvwR‡Ri Kb¨v Lv‡j`v Lvbg eKzj‡K we‡q K‡ib| G we‡qI wU‡Kwb| Aí mg‡qB weevn we‡”Q` nq| Rvbv hvq Lv‡j`v Lvbg eKzj AcÖvß eq¯‹v wQ‡jb| 1952 mv‡j mvwei Avng` Z…Zxq we‡q K‡ib wm‡j‡Ui gvgybyi ikx` †PŠayixi Kb¨v †g‡ni“‡bœmv †PŠayix‡K whwb nvmb ivRvi cyÎ nvwmbyi ivRv ‡PŠayixi Kb¨v iIkb nvwmbv Ii‡d †mvbv wewei †g‡q| GB we‡q Kwe mvwei Avng‡`i Rxe‡b myL e‡q Av‡b| GB ¯¿xi M‡f© mvZ mš—vb Rb¥ †bq|
1980 mv‡ji 8B A‡±vei KwVb e¨vwa‡Z Avµvš— n‡q †g‡ni“‡bœmv ci‡jvKMgb Ki‡j Kwe wb`vi“Y gvbwmK †e`bvq †f‡½ c‡ob| Gfv‡e cvwievwiK Rxe‡b Kwe‡K evi evi †nvPU †L‡Z nq| Ae‡k‡l Kwe 1984 mv‡ji 17B A‡±vei gqgbwms‡ni miKvix Kg©KZ©v †kL Rvgvj Dwχbi Kb¨v bvwM©m †eMg‡K PZz_© ¯¿x wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib| G gwnjvi M‡f© GK Kb¨v I GK cyÎ mš—vb Rb¥ †bq| Zvui eZ©gvb ¯¿x bvwM©m †eMg‡K wb‡q wZwb myLx Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Qb|

Kg© I mvwnZ¨ Rxeb t
1948 Bs m‡b Kwe Kg© Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek K‡ib| wZwb wm,GÛ, we wefv‡M DcmnKvix cÖ‡KŠkjx c‡` PvKzix MÖnY K‡ib| BU, evj~, iW, wm‡g›U BZ¨vw` KwVb c`v‡_©i mv‡_ mn Ae¯’vb Avi¤¢ Ki‡jb| GK mgq G PvKzix †Q‡o †`b| wKQy Kvj feNy‡i Rxeb hvcb K‡ib e‡j Rvbv hvq| ciewZ©‡Z 1950 mv‡j wm‡jU †Rjvi mybvgMÄ gnKzgvi DcmnKvix cÖ‡KŠkjx c‡` cybt PvKzix‡Z wbhy³ nb| `xN© mgqe¨vcx PvKzix K‡ib| ciewZ©‡Z Kb÷ªvKmb dvg© Ly‡jb| mviv ‡`‡k Gi kvLv MwVZ nq| wZwb GKRb mdj e¨emvqx wn‡m‡e A‡Xj weË ˆef‡ei gvwjK nb| A_©weË Zuvi nv‡Z aiv †`qvi ci wZwb weËkvjx n‡q GK‡PwUqv weË †fv‡Mi wPš—vq gË _v‡Kbwb, eis †`k, mgvR I iv‡óªi Kj¨v‡Y wZwb Zuvi A_© AKvZ‡i e¨q K‡i hv‡”Qb| †fvMev`x g‡bvfv‡ei A‡bK e¨w³ Avgv‡`i mgv‡R Av‡Q| hviv wb‡R‡`i †fvM wejvm Avivg Av‡qk Qvov mgvR †`k I iv‡óªi cÖ‡qvR‡b wKQyB e¨q K‡i bv| ïay wb‡R‡`i‡K wb‡qB e¨¯— _v‡K| A_P G †¶‡Î Kwe mvwei GKwU †mvbvi gvbyl| Zvui nv‡Z M‡o D‡V‡Q AmsL¨ RbwnZKi cªwZôvb, msMwVZ n‡q‡Q cÖPzi mvwnZ¨ mvs¯‹…wZK ms¯’v| cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q A‡bK MÖš’ I cwÎKv| XvKvq Zvui cÖwZwôZ †g‡ni“‡bœQv D”P evwjKv we`¨vjq I K‡jR| avbgwÛ e‡qR nvB ¯‹zj| wbR MÖv‡g nvuwomv½vb D”P we`¨vjq, biwms`x †Rjvi g‡bvni`x‡Z mv‡eK gš¿x I ‡mbv cÖavb byi“Ïxb Lv‡bi wcZvi bv‡g ¯’vwcZ AwQDwÏb K‡jR| †cvovw`qv ¯‹z‡ji m¤cÖmviY KvRmn XvKvi nvweeyj­v evnvi K‡jR we‡klfv‡e D‡j­L¨| XvKvq bRi“j GKv‡Wgx cÖwZôvq Zvui A_© mvnvh¨ AMÖYx f‚wgKv iv‡L| wZwb eû ms¯’vi mv‡_ RwoZ †_‡K Gm‡ei Dbœq‡b wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ †i‡L‡Qb| wZwb wf‡jR G›UvicÖvBR †mvmvBwUi Dc‡`óv| evsjv‡`k K¨vbmvi †mvmvBwUi AvRxeb m`m¨ I Dc‡`óv| †gv`v‡eŸi ¯§„wZ KwgwUi mnmfvcwZ| Kwe AvwRRyi ingvb mvwnZ¨ cwil‡`i cÖavb c„ô‡cvlK| MxwZKwe msm‡`i AvRxeb m`m¨| Kvq‡Kvev` mvwnZ¨ gRwj‡mi c„ô†cvlK| evsjv‡`k gymwjg mvwnZ¨ mgv‡Ri cÖwZôvZv mfvcwZ| jvjb cwil` †K›`ªxq msm‡`i Dc‡`óv| wZwb 1955 mb †_‡K 1958Bs mb ch©š— ˆ`wbK B‡Ënv‡`i g¨v‡bwRs WvB‡i±i wQ‡jb| wZwb gvwmK mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv ÔRjwmuwoiÕ m¤úv`K wQ‡jb|
nvmvb ivRvi ¯§„wZ‡Z cªwZ eQi AbywôZ nq nvmb †jvK Drme| wZwb nvmb †jvK Drme KwgwUi Dc‡`óv| Mixe I †gavex QvÎ QvÎx‡`i‡K e„wË cÖ`vb mvwei Avng‡`i Av‡iKwU D‡j­L‡hvM¨ gnr Kg©| wewfbœ ¯‹z‡j Zvui G Kg© cwiPvwjZ n‡q Avm‡Q Ges wk¶v we¯—v‡i D‡j­L‡hvM¨ Ae`vb ivL‡Q|
gmwR` cÖwZôvq I we‡kl bRi i‡q‡Q Zuvi| †ebv‡cvj mxgv‡š— Zvui cÖwZwôZ GKwU gmwR` i‡q‡Q| h‡kvi †mbvwbevm BDwbU gmwR`wU Zvui Øviv cÖwZwôZ| nuvwomv½vb MÖv‡gI wZwb GKwU gmwR` ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| †ejve evRv‡ii eo gmwR‡`I Zvui Aby`vb i‡q‡Q|
A‡bK †jL‡Ki eB cÖKv‡k I wZwb mn‡hvMxZv K‡i‡Qb| †gvnv¤§` IqvwjDj­vn iwPZ †hvM wewPÎv, †gvnv¤§` nvwbd cvVvb iwPZ biwms`xi Qov I iƒc K_v, Kwe KvwR mvjvn Dwχbi Ô`~j©f gyKzUÕ †gvt Aveyj Kv‡mg iwPZ ÔmvMi †_‡K ‰mK‡ZÕ, Kwe åvZv gwdR DwÏb iwPZ Ôe‡bi evuwkÕ, Ôe¨_vi cÖ`xcÕ gvwUi ZvR, Aa¨vcK Avey Zvwje iwPZ gvbe RvwZi ¯^c‡¶ jvjb g„Zz¨ kZ evwl©Kx ¯§viK MÖš’ BZ¨vw` D‡j­L‡hvM¨ cÖKvkbv Kv‡R Avw_©K mvnvh¨ mvwei Avn‡g‡`i gnr KxwZ©i wKq`sk gvÎ |
†QvU †ejv †_‡KB GKUv Kwe gb Zvi g‡a¨ †jv°vwqZ wQj | ïay Kwe gbB b‡n wZwb GKRb wPš—vkxj msMxZ wccvmy I e‡U | 1945 mb †_‡K mvwei Avng` msMxZ iPbv ïi“ K‡ib | GKvav‡i Kwe I MxwZKvi wn‡m‡e wZwb eZ©gvb mg‡q Bmjvgx m½xZ RM‡Z GK we‡kl gh©v`vi Avm‡b AwawóZ | Rvbv hvq A`¨vewa wZwb `yB nvRvi msMxZ iPbv K‡i‡Qb | Zuvi iwPZ msMx‡Z cÖ_g myiv‡ivc K‡ib I¯—v` dRjyj nK | ciewZ©‡Z myiv‡ivc K‡ib I¯—v` Kv‡`i Rv‡gix, AvRv` ingvb, Avey Rvdi , †kL mvw` Lvb, nvwdRyi ingvb, cyyjK †PŠayix, Avãyj Reevi, AvjvDwÏb wgqv cÖgyL| cwðg e‡½i Agi cvj, wegvb gy‡Lvcva¨vq, my‡ik `vm, cÖksmvwRr, w`wjc Kg©Kvi, mbwRr gÛj, P›`ªKvš— b›`x, cwi‡Zvl ivq, AcivwRZv †Nvl, gvjweKv `vm. Zc©Y ivq, W. ixYv `Ë, †ejv P‡Ævcva¨vq cÖgyL |Kwe mvwei Avn‡g` evsjv‡`k †eZvi I ‡Uwjwfk‡bi we‡kl †kªYxi ZvwjKvfy³ MxwZKvi | wZwb gigx Kwe| wek¦ gvbweK †PZbvq DØy× GB gnvb Kwei †jLv gigx Mvb I KweZv fviZ evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ cÖPvi gva¨‡g cÖPvwiZ n‡”Q| †kªô Kwe I MxwZKv†ii L¨vwZ Zvu‡K Avš—©RvwZK ch©v‡q †cŠu‡Q w`‡q‡Q | Bs‡iRx I wnw›` divmx I myBwWk fvlvq Zvui Mvb Abyw`Z n‡q we‡k¦i me©Î Av‡jvob m„wó K‡i‡Q| Zvui iPbvejx‡K wfwË K‡i iex›`ªfviZx wek¦ we`¨vjq †_‡K wewkó M‡elK I †jLK W. †Lv›`Kvi wiqvRyj nK wW-wjU wWMÖx I jvf K‡i‡Qb| RxweZ †Kvb Kwe mvwnwZ¨K‡K wb‡q w_wmm Kiv evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnv‡m weij NUbv| wb‡gœv³ MÖš’vejx Zvui Agi m„wó t
(1) Avgvi g‡bi dyj`vbx‡Z
(2) GB K_v †mB myi|
(3) w` wmwjwm‡qj jvBU (Bs‡iRx)
(4) Hkx †R¨vwZ
(5) kZ nvg` kZ bvZ
(6) Bmjvgx Dcj‡¶i Mvb
(7) myax R‡bi iPbv Avgvi gv (m¤úv`bv)
(8) c„w_ex Avgvi Ni
(9) wgwóK evW© (Bs‡iRx)
(10) GB †`k GB gvwU
(11) wewPZ fvebv
(12) mve©Rbxb gvbeag©



m¤§vbbv t
wZwb mvwnZ¨ I mgvR K‡g© Abb¨ Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ †`k we‡`‡ki wewfbœ cÖwZôvb †_‡K eû cyi¯‹vi Ges m¤§vb jvf K‡i‡Qb| Gi g‡a¨ mwe‡kl D‡j­L¨-
(1) †`Iqvb Avãyj nvwg` mvwnZ¨ cyi“¯‹vi- 1991Bs
(2) HwZn¨ cyi¯‹vi- 1400
(3) Ávb Zvcm W. knx`yj­vn ¯^Y©c`K- 1396
(4) fvlv ˆmwbK cyi¯‹vi|
(5) Avey †nv‡mb miKvi ¯^Y© c`K|
(6) evsjv‡`k RvZxq mvwnZ¨ msm` cyi¯‹vi- 1991
(7) wRqvDi ingvb ¯^Y©c`K- 1993
(8) evsjv‡`k RvZxq M‡elYv cyi¯‹vi|
(9) ‡K›`ªxq †LjvNi cyi¯‹vi|
(10) gv`vi †Z‡imv cyi¯‹vi|
(11) Avjg msMxZ GKv‡Wgx cyi¯‹vi|
(12) k¤¢yMÄx (it) ¯^Y©c`K- 1999|
(13) gnvZ¥ MvÜx ¯^Y©c`K|
(14) PwÊ`vm mvwnZ¨ cyi®‹vi (fviZ)|
(15) Av‡jv Avfvl mvwnZ¨ cyi®‹vi (fviZ)|
GQvov †`k we‡`k †_‡K Av‡iv 30/35 cyi®‹vi I m¤§vbbv †c‡q‡Qb|

gigx mvwn‡Z¨ Abb¨ Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ 1992 mv‡j Bsj¨v‡Ûi †KgweªR †_‡K Zvu‡K B›Uvib¨vkbvj g¨vb Ae w` Bqvi Ges mgvR †mevi Rb¨ Av‡gwiKvb ev‡qvMÖvwdK¨vj Bbw÷wUDU Zvu‡K 1993 mv‡j g¨vb Ae w` Bqvi m¤§v‡b f~wlZ K‡i‡Q|

KwZcq ¸YxR‡bi `„wó‡Z mvwei Avn‡g` t
W. gwbi“¾vgvb t
RM‡Zi gnvb wPš—vwe` I `vk©wbKM‡Yi c`v¼ AbymiY K‡i mvwei Avn‡g` †PŠayix cwiÁvZ Hkx fvebvi †¶‡Î GKwU bZzb w`M‡š—i mÜv‡b AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| Zvui wbwðZ †eva GB gyw³i c‡_ Zvui AZxw›`ªK I `vk©wbK Kl©Y‡K wkL‡i †cuŠ‡Q †`q|

AwRZ Kzgvi ivq I W. cÖ`xc ivq t
Ògigx Kwe mvwei Avn‡g` jvjb iex›`ªbv‡_iB DËim~wi|

wcÖwÝcvj Ave`yj­vn Avj gvngy` Rvgvjx t
Òmvwei msMxZ fvÛvi mZ¨ I my›`‡ii cÖZxK wn‡m‡e AvaywbK Kv‡jI mviv c„w_ex‡Z MÖnY †hvM¨Zv cv‡”Q Ges Av‡iv cv‡e| gvbeZvev‡`i Kwe wn‡m‡e wZwb †kªô‡Z¡i `vex`vi|

cÖ‡dmi Avey Zv‡ni gRyg`vi t
GB Kwe GKRb †ek eo gv‡ci ü`qevb gvbyl Ges gigx Kve¨ mvaK|

Aa¨¶ †`Iqvb †gvnv¤§` AvRid t
mew`K we‡ePbv K‡i mvwei Avn‡g`‡K gymwjg gigxev`x e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv hvq|

mybxj Kzgvi e‡›`¨vcva¨vq t (fviZ)
Zvui KweZv¸‡jv i“¶ iƒp ev¯—e c„w_ex‡Z GKwU D¤§y³ evZvqb m„wó Ki‡Z ‡c‡i‡Q e‡j Avwg wek¦vm Kwi|

†gvnv¤§` gvndzR Dj­vn t
Òmvwei Avng` †PŠayixi iPbvq me wKQy Qvwc‡q †R‡M Av‡Q gvbe‡cÖg, ¯^‡`k †cÖg I mve©Rbxb Kj¨vY †eva|
Ave`yj gvbœvb ‰mq` t
Òavwg©KZv Avi Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi g‡a¨ †_‡KB Zvui (mvwei Avng`) gvbweKZvi D™¢vmb|Ó

W. Avkivd wmwÏKx t
ÒAvgv‡`i mevi cwiwPZ wcÖqRb Av‡jvwPZ mvwei Avng` †PŠayix †ZgbB GK e¨w³Z¡, whwb †Mvjv‡ci MÜ wQwU‡q P‡j‡Qb| Zvui Mv‡b, Mv‡bi K¨v‡m‡U, †eZv‡i, ‡Uwjwfk‡b, wewfbœ mvs¯‹…wZK mgv‡e‡k wKš‘ wb‡R _v‡Kb me©`v Avov‡j cif„‡Zi g‡ZvB|

Aa¨vcK Ki“Yvgq †Mv¯^vgx t
mvwei Avn‡g` †PŠayixi MxwZ mvwnZ¨ hw` Mfxifv‡e ch©‡e¶‡Y Avbv hviv, Zvn‡j GK_v ¯^xKvh© n‡q I‡V †h, eZ©gvb Kv‡j gigx avivq wZwb D‡j­L‡hvM¨ ev½vwj Kwe| Zvi fvebvi g~‡j i‡q‡Qb Ck¦i whwb wbR‡K Aweivg cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †mŠ›`‡h© gvay‡h©, †cÖg, wgj‡b|

DËg Kzgvi ivq t
ÒZvui Mv‡b gvby‡li fve-RM‡Zi †nb welq †bB, hv D‡V Av‡mwb| Avj­vnZË¡, ¯§iYxq evYx, Dcj‡¶i Mvb, m„wóZË¡, cigZË¡, †cÖgZË¡, †`nZË¡, gvbylZË¡, iƒcZË¡, gvbeZË¡, cicviZË¡ Ggb bvbvn K¨vUvMwi‡Z Zuvi m½xZ fvÛvi mg„× n‡q‡Q|

KvRx iIbvK ‡nv‡mb t
Ògigx Kwe mvwei Avn‡g` †PŠayixi wPš—v ev `k©b mviv c„w_exi gnvgvbe I Kwe‡`i wPš—vaviv ev `k©‡bi mv‡_ GKB my‡Î Mvu_v| Ó

KvRx mvjvDwÏb t
Òmevi Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨, Zvnvi Dc‡i bvB, PÛx`v‡mi g‡Zv Kwe mvwei Avn‡g` ‡PŠayix I e‡jb- wPi mZ¨ G gvbyl mZ¨, gvby‡li Mvb MvB|
W. Kvbb wenvix †Mv¯^vgx t (fviZ)
mvwei Avn‡g` †PŠayix eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg †kªô Kve¨ m½xZ iPwqZv| elx©qvb GB mvaK MxwZKvi ¯^‡¶‡Î GK Rxeš— wKse`š—x|
W. MvRx ingvb t
gvby‡li cÖwZ Mfxi ggZ¡‡evaB Zv‡K K‡i‡Q RbwcÖq I D`vi | wZwb cÖK…wZ fvjev‡mb, fvjev‡mb gvbyl‡K | cÖK…wZ I gvby‡li hyMcr mgvnvi N‡U‡Q Zvui Rxeb ‰PZ‡b¨, Zuvi iwPZ MxwZ I Mv‡b|
W. †MŠix fÆvPvh© t (fviZ)
Avwg e¨w³MZ fv‡e AwffyZ n‡qwQ MÖ‡š’i cwiwkó GK `yB Ask cvV K‡i| GLv‡b iex›`ªbv_ I gvbeag©, evOvwji gvbm MVb, giwgqvev‡`i m‡½ ms‡hvwRZ msMÖw_Z n‡q‡Q, †hb g‡b n‡”Q GwU GKwU bvbv dz‡ji, bvbv d‡ji ¸j`¯—v|
W. w`jxc Kzgvi b›`x t (fviZ)
mvwei RvZcvZ mxgvbv †cwi‡q Avš—Rv©wZK f~wgKvq mgwc©Z| wZwb gvby‡li mvwe©K †cÖg‡ev‡a mgwc©Z gigx Kwe|
W. ei“Y Kygvi PµeZx© t (fviZ)
Zvui gvbe mvabvi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q Kve¨ mvabvq| gvby‡li cÖwZ Kwe †h `vqe× ZviB cÖgvY Zvui Kve¨ gvwjKv|
‡ejvj †PŠayix t
gigx mvaK µvš—`kx© mvwei Avng` †PŠayix Avgv‡`iB GKRb n‡qI wbR¸‡Y wewkó‡`i g‡a¨I wewkó †mB Rb|